Electromagnetic spectrum:
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Electromagnetic spectrum properties:
Electromagnetic radiation (Electro pollution):
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EM Radiation - RF Spectrum analyzer:
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(ICNIRP) International commission on non ‐ ionizing radiation protection:
EMF - "safety standards" are no so safe.
Safety Standard is a problematic term. Safety standard are set by a committee of experts who tried to validate how much radiation is safe and how much is not safe. In the process of setting the standard many aspects, other then safety or health, are taking into consideration. For example: financial, technical and political. Sometimes when you can not technically meet the standard, or meeting it will result in financial cost, the standard is gently shifted to please everyone and to save money. The international standards for low (1000 milliGauss) and high frequency (1000-400 micro watts square centimeter) electromagnetic radiation are very high. Both takes into account only the immediate, obvious and permanent damage to the body and does not take into account any long-term effects. Some companies and organizations will use these outrageous high "safety standards", without explanation of the true essence of it and its limitations.
ICNIRP takes IEEE standards, approve them for humans, and recommend them to the WHO's EMF study group. The EMF Study group, approve these standards and give them an "international" validity. Countrysides that embrace the WHO standards for EMF exposure to humans. Both ICNIRP and the WHO's EMF Study group are suspected in conflict of interest.
EMF - "safety standards" are no so safe.
Safety Standard is a problematic term. Safety standard are set by a committee of experts who tried to validate how much radiation is safe and how much is not safe. In the process of setting the standard many aspects, other then safety or health, are taking into consideration. For example: financial, technical and political. Sometimes when you can not technically meet the standard, or meeting it will result in financial cost, the standard is gently shifted to please everyone and to save money. The international standards for low (1000 milliGauss) and high frequency (1000-400 micro watts square centimeter) electromagnetic radiation are very high. Both takes into account only the immediate, obvious and permanent damage to the body and does not take into account any long-term effects. Some companies and organizations will use these outrageous high "safety standards", without explanation of the true essence of it and its limitations.
ICNIRP takes IEEE standards, approve them for humans, and recommend them to the WHO's EMF study group. The EMF Study group, approve these standards and give them an "international" validity. Countrysides that embrace the WHO standards for EMF exposure to humans. Both ICNIRP and the WHO's EMF Study group are suspected in conflict of interest.
From ICNIRP Standards - page 496: On page 508 - What are the EMF standards are based on?:
From the "ICNIRP STATEMENT"
"People being protected" - Some people will not be protected by ICNIRP's standards
"Some guidelines may still not provide adequate protection for certain sensitive individuals nor for normal individuals exposed concomitantly to other agents….”
"People being protected" - Some people will not be protected by ICNIRP's standards
"Some guidelines may still not provide adequate protection for certain sensitive individuals nor for normal individuals exposed concomitantly to other agents….”
Electromagnetic radiation and health:
Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on its capability of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds. Ultraviolet and higher frequencies, such as X-rays or gamma rays are ionizing, and these pose their own special hazards: see radiation and radiation poisoning. The electric currents that flow through power sockets have associated line-frequency electromagnetic fields.[1] Various kinds of higher-frequency radio waves are used to transmit information – whether via TV antennas, radio stations or mobile phone base stations.
Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on its capability of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds. Ultraviolet and higher frequencies, such as X-rays or gamma rays are ionizing, and these pose their own special hazards: see radiation and radiation poisoning. The electric currents that flow through power sockets have associated line-frequency electromagnetic fields.[1] Various kinds of higher-frequency radio waves are used to transmit information – whether via TV antennas, radio stations or mobile phone base stations.
EMR effects on the human body by frequency:
Extremely-low-frequency RF:
High-power extremely-low-frequency RF with electric field levels in the low kV/m range are known to induce perceivable currents within the human body that create an annoying tingling sensation. These currents will typically flow to ground through a body contact surface such as the feet, or arc to ground where the body is well insulated.
High-power extremely-low-frequency RF with electric field levels in the low kV/m range are known to induce perceivable currents within the human body that create an annoying tingling sensation. These currents will typically flow to ground through a body contact surface such as the feet, or arc to ground where the body is well insulated.
Shortwave frequency RF:
Shortwave diathermy heating of human tissue only heats tissues that are good electrical conductors, such as blood vessels and muscle. Adipose tissue (fat) receives little heating by induction fields because an electrical current is not actually going through the tissues.
Shortwave diathermy heating of human tissue only heats tissues that are good electrical conductors, such as blood vessels and muscle. Adipose tissue (fat) receives little heating by induction fields because an electrical current is not actually going through the tissues.
Radio frequency fields:
See also: Mobile phone radiation and health.
Apart from some suspicion that the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones may be responsible for an increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma, the fields otherwise pose no risk to human health.[19][20] This designation of mobile phone signals as "possibly carcinogenic" by the World Health Organization has often been misinterpreted as indicating that of some measure of risk has been observed – however the designation indicates only that the possibility could not be conclusively ruled out using the available data.
See also: Mobile phone radiation and health.
Apart from some suspicion that the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones may be responsible for an increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma, the fields otherwise pose no risk to human health.[19][20] This designation of mobile phone signals as "possibly carcinogenic" by the World Health Organization has often been misinterpreted as indicating that of some measure of risk has been observed – however the designation indicates only that the possibility could not be conclusively ruled out using the available data.
Microwaves:
Microwave exposure at low-power levels below the specific absorption rate set by government regulatory bodies is considered harmless non-ionizing radiation and has no effect on the human body. Levels above the specific absorption rate set by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are those they considered to be potentially harmful. ANSI standards for safe exposure levels to RF and microwave radiation are set to a SAR level of 4 W/kg, the threshold before hazardous thermical effects occur due to energy absorption in the body. A safety factor of ten was then incorporated to arrive at the final recommended protection guidelines of a SAR exposure threshold of 0.4 W/kg for RF and microwave radiation. There is disagreement over exactly what levels of RF radiation are safe, particularly with regard to low levels of exposure. Russia and eastern European countries set SAR thresholds for microwaves and RF much lower than western countries.
Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, can be particularly susceptible to heating by RF energy because of the relative lack of available blood flow to dissipate the excessive heat load. Laboratory experiments have shown that short-term exposure to high levels of RF radiation (100–200 mW/cm²) can cause cataracts in rabbits. Temporary sterility, caused by such effects as changes in sperm count and in sperm motility, is possible after exposure of the testes to high-level RF radiation.
Long-term exposure to high-levels of microwaves, is recognized, from experimental animal studies and epidemiological studies in humans, to cause cataracts. The mechanism is unclear but may include changes in heat sensitive enzymes that normally protect cell proteins in the lens. Another mechanism that has been advanced is direct damage to the lens from pressure waves induced in the aqueous humor.
Exposure to sufficiently high-power microwave RF is known to create effects ranging from a burning sensation on the skin and "microwave auditory effect:, to extreme pain at the mid-range, to physical "microwave burns" and blistering of skin and internals at high power levels.
Microwave exposure at low-power levels below the specific absorption rate set by government regulatory bodies is considered harmless non-ionizing radiation and has no effect on the human body. Levels above the specific absorption rate set by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are those they considered to be potentially harmful. ANSI standards for safe exposure levels to RF and microwave radiation are set to a SAR level of 4 W/kg, the threshold before hazardous thermical effects occur due to energy absorption in the body. A safety factor of ten was then incorporated to arrive at the final recommended protection guidelines of a SAR exposure threshold of 0.4 W/kg for RF and microwave radiation. There is disagreement over exactly what levels of RF radiation are safe, particularly with regard to low levels of exposure. Russia and eastern European countries set SAR thresholds for microwaves and RF much lower than western countries.
Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, can be particularly susceptible to heating by RF energy because of the relative lack of available blood flow to dissipate the excessive heat load. Laboratory experiments have shown that short-term exposure to high levels of RF radiation (100–200 mW/cm²) can cause cataracts in rabbits. Temporary sterility, caused by such effects as changes in sperm count and in sperm motility, is possible after exposure of the testes to high-level RF radiation.
Long-term exposure to high-levels of microwaves, is recognized, from experimental animal studies and epidemiological studies in humans, to cause cataracts. The mechanism is unclear but may include changes in heat sensitive enzymes that normally protect cell proteins in the lens. Another mechanism that has been advanced is direct damage to the lens from pressure waves induced in the aqueous humor.
Exposure to sufficiently high-power microwave RF is known to create effects ranging from a burning sensation on the skin and "microwave auditory effect:, to extreme pain at the mid-range, to physical "microwave burns" and blistering of skin and internals at high power levels.
Microwave auditory effect:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe Microwave Auditory Effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks (or, with speech modulation, spoken words) induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies. The clicks are generated directly inside the human head without the need of any receiving electronic device. The effect was first reported by persons working in the vicinity of radar transponders during World War II.. During the Cold War era, the American neuroscientist Allan H. Frey studied this phenomenon and was the first to publish[1] information on the nature of the microwave auditory effect.
Pulsed microwave radiation can be heard by some workers; the irradiated personnel perceive auditory sensations of clicking or buzzing. The cause is thought to be thermoelastic expansion of portions of the auditory apparatus.
Competing theories explain the results of interferometric holography tests differently.
In 2003-2004, the WaveBand Corp. had a contract from the US Navy for the design of a MAE system they called MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) intended to remotely, temporarily incapacitate personnel. The project was cancelled in 2005.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe Microwave Auditory Effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks (or, with speech modulation, spoken words) induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies. The clicks are generated directly inside the human head without the need of any receiving electronic device. The effect was first reported by persons working in the vicinity of radar transponders during World War II.. During the Cold War era, the American neuroscientist Allan H. Frey studied this phenomenon and was the first to publish[1] information on the nature of the microwave auditory effect.
Pulsed microwave radiation can be heard by some workers; the irradiated personnel perceive auditory sensations of clicking or buzzing. The cause is thought to be thermoelastic expansion of portions of the auditory apparatus.
Competing theories explain the results of interferometric holography tests differently.
In 2003-2004, the WaveBand Corp. had a contract from the US Navy for the design of a MAE system they called MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) intended to remotely, temporarily incapacitate personnel. The project was cancelled in 2005.
Primary Cold War-era research in the US:
The first American to publish on the microwave hearing effect was Allan H. Frey, in 1961. In his experiments, the subjects were discovered to be able to hear appropriately pulsed microwave radiation, from a distance of 100 meters from the transmitter. This was accompanied by side effects such as dizziness, headaches, and a pins and needles sensation.
A decade later, an overview, in the American Psychologist, of radiation impacts on human perceptions, cites investigations at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research that demonstrated 'receiver less' wireless voice transmission: "Appropriate modulation of microwave energy can result in direct 'wireless' and 'receiver less' communication of speech."
The first American to publish on the microwave hearing effect was Allan H. Frey, in 1961. In his experiments, the subjects were discovered to be able to hear appropriately pulsed microwave radiation, from a distance of 100 meters from the transmitter. This was accompanied by side effects such as dizziness, headaches, and a pins and needles sensation.
A decade later, an overview, in the American Psychologist, of radiation impacts on human perceptions, cites investigations at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research that demonstrated 'receiver less' wireless voice transmission: "Appropriate modulation of microwave energy can result in direct 'wireless' and 'receiver less' communication of speech."
Peaceful applications:
A 1998 patent describes a device that can scare off birds from wind turbines, aircraft, and other sensitive installations by way of microwave energy pulses. Using frequencies from 1 GHz to about 40 GHz, the warning system generates pulses of milliseconds duration, which are claimed to be sensed by the birds' auditory systems. It is believed this may cause them to veer away from the protected object.
As stated by the above-mentioned journal entry to the American Psychologist, "the averaged densities of energy required to transmit longer messages would approach the current 10mW/cm² limit of safe exposure", which makes the technology improper for human telecommunication. For this very same 'receiver less' wireless sound transmission to human beings, sound from ultrasound is used instead.
A 1998 patent describes a device that can scare off birds from wind turbines, aircraft, and other sensitive installations by way of microwave energy pulses. Using frequencies from 1 GHz to about 40 GHz, the warning system generates pulses of milliseconds duration, which are claimed to be sensed by the birds' auditory systems. It is believed this may cause them to veer away from the protected object.
As stated by the above-mentioned journal entry to the American Psychologist, "the averaged densities of energy required to transmit longer messages would approach the current 10mW/cm² limit of safe exposure", which makes the technology improper for human telecommunication. For this very same 'receiver less' wireless sound transmission to human beings, sound from ultrasound is used instead.
Conspiracy theories:
Numerous individuals suffering from auditory hallucinations, delusional disorders or other mental illness have alleged that government agents use forms of mind control technologies based on microwave signals to transmit sounds and thoughts into their heads as a form of electronic harassment, referring to the technology as "voice to skull" or "V2K".
There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. "California psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites and other psychologists are divided over whether such sites reinforce mental troubles or act as a form of group social support".
Numerous individuals suffering from auditory hallucinations, delusional disorders or other mental illness have alleged that government agents use forms of mind control technologies based on microwave signals to transmit sounds and thoughts into their heads as a form of electronic harassment, referring to the technology as "voice to skull" or "V2K".
There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. "California psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites and other psychologists are divided over whether such sites reinforce mental troubles or act as a form of group social support".
See also:
- Photoacoustic effect.
- Brain-computer interface.
- Electroreception.
- Electrophonic hearing.
- Psychological manipulation.
- Specific absorption rate - government standards for measurement of human radio frequency exposures.
- Cosmic ray visual phenomena.
Notes:
Allan H. Frey (1962). "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy". Journal of Applied Physiology 17 (4): 689–692. PMID 13895081. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
Levy, Barry S.; Wagner, Gregory R.; Rest, Kathleen M. (2005). Preventing occupational disease and injury. American Public Health Association. p. 428. ISBN 978-0-87553-043-7.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/209/4461/1144.extract?sid=f514230e-1373-4da5-ad36-3689f428e21b
Taylor, Eldon (15 April 2009). Mind Programming: From Persuasion and Brainwashing, to Self-Help and Practical Metaphysics. Hay House, Inc. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-1-4019-2513-0.
"Navy search database – summary report: Remote Personnel Incapacitation System". SBIR/STTR Search Database (Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer). U.S. Navy. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Hambling, David (3 July 2008). "Microwave ray gun controls crowds with noise". NewScientist. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
D.R. Justesen. "Microwaves and Behavior", Am Psychologist, 392(Mar): 391–401, 1975.
Kreithen ML. Patent #5774088 “Method and system for warning birds of hazards” USPTO granted 30 June 1998
Monroe, Angela (November 12, 2012). "Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind". KMIR News. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
Weinberger, Sharon (January 14, 2007). "Mind Games". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Kershaw, Sarah (November 12, 2008). "Sharing Their Demons on the Web". New York Times.
References:
R.C. Jones, S.S. Stevens, and M.H. Lurie. J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 12: 281, 1940.
H. Burr and A. Mauro. Yale J Biol. and Med. 21:455, 1949.
H. von Gierke. Noise Control 2: 37, 1956.
J. Zwislocki. J. Noise Control 4: 42, 1958.
R. Morrow and J. Seipel. J. Wash. Acad. SCI. 50: 1, 1960.
A.H. Frey. Aero Space Med. 32: 1140, 1961.
P.C. Neider and W.D. Neff. Science 133: 1010,1961.
R. Niest, L. Pinneo, R. Baus, J. Fleming, and R. McAfee. Annual Report. USA Rome Air Development Command, TR-61-65, 1961.
A.H. Frey. "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy." J Applied Physiol 17 (4): 689–92, 1962.
A.H. Frey. "Behavioral Biophysics", Psychol Bull 63(5): 322–37, 1965.
F.A. Giori and A.R. Winterberger. "Remote Physiological Monitoring Using a Microwave Interferometer", Biomed Sci Instr 3: 291–307, 1967.
A.H. Frey and R. Messenger. "Human Perception of Illumination with Pulsed Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Energy", Science 181: 356–8, 1973.
R. Rodwell. "Army tests new riot weapon", New Scientist Sept. 20, p 684, 1973.
A.W. Guy, C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin, and D. Christensen. "Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems and physical materials", Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 247:194–218, 1975.
D.R. Justesen. "Microwaves and Behavior", Am Psychologist, 392(Mar): 391–401, 1975.
S.M. Michaelson. "Sensation and Perception of Microwave Energy", In: S.M. Michaelson, M.W. Miller, R. Magin, and E.L. Carstensen (eds.), Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation. Plenum Press, New York, p 213-24, 1975.
E.S. Eichert and A.H. Frey. "Human Auditory System Response to Lower Power Density Pulse Modulated Electromagnetic Energy: A Search for Mechanisms", J Microwave Power 11(2): 141, 1976.
W. Bise. "Low power radio-frequency and microwave effects on human electroencephalogram and behavior”, Physiol Chem Phys 10(5): 387–98, 1978.
J.C. Lin. Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications, Thomas, Springfield Ill, p 176, 1978.
P.L. Stocklin and B.F. Stocklin. "Possible Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System", T-I-T J Life Sci 9: 29–51, 1979.
H. Frolich. "The Biological Effects of Microwaves and Related Questions", Adv Electronics Electron Physics 53: 85–152, 1980.
H. Lai. “Neurological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation” In: J.C. Lin (ed.), Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol 1, Plenum, NY & London, p 27-80, 1994.
R.C. Beason and P. Semm. "Responses of neurons to an amplitude modulated microwave stimulus", Neurosci Lett 333: 175–78, 2002.
J.A. Elder and C.K. Chou. "Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy", Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
External links:
Seaman, Ronald L., “Transmission of microwave-induced intracranial sound to the inner ear is most likely through cranial aqueducts,“ Mckesson Bioservices Corporation, Wrair US Army Medical Research Detachment. (PDF)
Lin, J.C., 1980, “The microwave auditory phenomenon,“ Proceedings of the IEEE, 68:67–73. Navy-NSF-supported research.
Lin, JC., "Microwave auditory effect- a comparison of some possible transduction mechanisms". J Microwave Power. 1976 Mar;11(1):77–81. 1976.
Guy, A.W., C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin and D. Christensen, 1975, Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems and physical materials, Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 247:194–218
Fist, Stewart, "Australian exposure standards". Crossroads, The Australian, March 1999.
Microwave auditory effects and applications, James C. Lin; Publisher: Thomas; ISBN 0-398-03704-3
US Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory comprehensive review on RFR-auditory effect in humans
Kohn B. “Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect” Defense Department Awarded SBIR Contract # F41624-95-C9007, 1993.
“Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy” Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
Suppes P, Lu Z, and Han B. “Brain wave recognition of words” Proc Natl Acad Sci 94: 14965-69, 1997.
Suppes P, Han B, and Lu Z. “Brain-wave recognition of sentences” Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 15861-66, 1998.
Assadullahi R and Pulvermuller F. “Neural Network Classification of Word Evoked Neuromagnetic Brain Activity” In: Wermter S, Austin J, and Willahaw D (eds.) Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence: Emergent Neurocomputational Architectures Based on Neuroscience Heidelberg Springer, p 311-20, 2001.
Marshall G. Thomas (10 October 2007). Monarch: The New Phoenix Program. Lulu.com. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-0-595-45762-5. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
"Warning: Your Cell Phone May Be Hazardous to Your Health". GQ Magazine. February 2010.
Devra Davis (23 September 2010). Disconnect: The Truth About Cell Phone Radiation, What the Industry Is Doing to Hide It, and How to Protect Your Family. Penguin. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-101-44348-4. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
"Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy". Journal of Applied Physiology. July 1962.
Allan H. Frey (1962). "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy". Journal of Applied Physiology 17 (4): 689–692. PMID 13895081. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
Levy, Barry S.; Wagner, Gregory R.; Rest, Kathleen M. (2005). Preventing occupational disease and injury. American Public Health Association. p. 428. ISBN 978-0-87553-043-7.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/209/4461/1144.extract?sid=f514230e-1373-4da5-ad36-3689f428e21b
Taylor, Eldon (15 April 2009). Mind Programming: From Persuasion and Brainwashing, to Self-Help and Practical Metaphysics. Hay House, Inc. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-1-4019-2513-0.
"Navy search database – summary report: Remote Personnel Incapacitation System". SBIR/STTR Search Database (Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer). U.S. Navy. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Hambling, David (3 July 2008). "Microwave ray gun controls crowds with noise". NewScientist. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
D.R. Justesen. "Microwaves and Behavior", Am Psychologist, 392(Mar): 391–401, 1975.
Kreithen ML. Patent #5774088 “Method and system for warning birds of hazards” USPTO granted 30 June 1998
Monroe, Angela (November 12, 2012). "Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind". KMIR News. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
Weinberger, Sharon (January 14, 2007). "Mind Games". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Kershaw, Sarah (November 12, 2008). "Sharing Their Demons on the Web". New York Times.
References:
R.C. Jones, S.S. Stevens, and M.H. Lurie. J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 12: 281, 1940.
H. Burr and A. Mauro. Yale J Biol. and Med. 21:455, 1949.
H. von Gierke. Noise Control 2: 37, 1956.
J. Zwislocki. J. Noise Control 4: 42, 1958.
R. Morrow and J. Seipel. J. Wash. Acad. SCI. 50: 1, 1960.
A.H. Frey. Aero Space Med. 32: 1140, 1961.
P.C. Neider and W.D. Neff. Science 133: 1010,1961.
R. Niest, L. Pinneo, R. Baus, J. Fleming, and R. McAfee. Annual Report. USA Rome Air Development Command, TR-61-65, 1961.
A.H. Frey. "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy." J Applied Physiol 17 (4): 689–92, 1962.
A.H. Frey. "Behavioral Biophysics", Psychol Bull 63(5): 322–37, 1965.
F.A. Giori and A.R. Winterberger. "Remote Physiological Monitoring Using a Microwave Interferometer", Biomed Sci Instr 3: 291–307, 1967.
A.H. Frey and R. Messenger. "Human Perception of Illumination with Pulsed Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Energy", Science 181: 356–8, 1973.
R. Rodwell. "Army tests new riot weapon", New Scientist Sept. 20, p 684, 1973.
A.W. Guy, C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin, and D. Christensen. "Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems and physical materials", Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 247:194–218, 1975.
D.R. Justesen. "Microwaves and Behavior", Am Psychologist, 392(Mar): 391–401, 1975.
S.M. Michaelson. "Sensation and Perception of Microwave Energy", In: S.M. Michaelson, M.W. Miller, R. Magin, and E.L. Carstensen (eds.), Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation. Plenum Press, New York, p 213-24, 1975.
E.S. Eichert and A.H. Frey. "Human Auditory System Response to Lower Power Density Pulse Modulated Electromagnetic Energy: A Search for Mechanisms", J Microwave Power 11(2): 141, 1976.
W. Bise. "Low power radio-frequency and microwave effects on human electroencephalogram and behavior”, Physiol Chem Phys 10(5): 387–98, 1978.
J.C. Lin. Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications, Thomas, Springfield Ill, p 176, 1978.
P.L. Stocklin and B.F. Stocklin. "Possible Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System", T-I-T J Life Sci 9: 29–51, 1979.
H. Frolich. "The Biological Effects of Microwaves and Related Questions", Adv Electronics Electron Physics 53: 85–152, 1980.
H. Lai. “Neurological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation” In: J.C. Lin (ed.), Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol 1, Plenum, NY & London, p 27-80, 1994.
R.C. Beason and P. Semm. "Responses of neurons to an amplitude modulated microwave stimulus", Neurosci Lett 333: 175–78, 2002.
J.A. Elder and C.K. Chou. "Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy", Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
External links:
Seaman, Ronald L., “Transmission of microwave-induced intracranial sound to the inner ear is most likely through cranial aqueducts,“ Mckesson Bioservices Corporation, Wrair US Army Medical Research Detachment. (PDF)
Lin, J.C., 1980, “The microwave auditory phenomenon,“ Proceedings of the IEEE, 68:67–73. Navy-NSF-supported research.
Lin, JC., "Microwave auditory effect- a comparison of some possible transduction mechanisms". J Microwave Power. 1976 Mar;11(1):77–81. 1976.
Guy, A.W., C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin and D. Christensen, 1975, Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems and physical materials, Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 247:194–218
Fist, Stewart, "Australian exposure standards". Crossroads, The Australian, March 1999.
Microwave auditory effects and applications, James C. Lin; Publisher: Thomas; ISBN 0-398-03704-3
US Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory comprehensive review on RFR-auditory effect in humans
Kohn B. “Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect” Defense Department Awarded SBIR Contract # F41624-95-C9007, 1993.
“Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy” Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
Suppes P, Lu Z, and Han B. “Brain wave recognition of words” Proc Natl Acad Sci 94: 14965-69, 1997.
Suppes P, Han B, and Lu Z. “Brain-wave recognition of sentences” Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 15861-66, 1998.
Assadullahi R and Pulvermuller F. “Neural Network Classification of Word Evoked Neuromagnetic Brain Activity” In: Wermter S, Austin J, and Willahaw D (eds.) Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence: Emergent Neurocomputational Architectures Based on Neuroscience Heidelberg Springer, p 311-20, 2001.
Marshall G. Thomas (10 October 2007). Monarch: The New Phoenix Program. Lulu.com. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-0-595-45762-5. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
"Warning: Your Cell Phone May Be Hazardous to Your Health". GQ Magazine. February 2010.
Devra Davis (23 September 2010). Disconnect: The Truth About Cell Phone Radiation, What the Industry Is Doing to Hide It, and How to Protect Your Family. Penguin. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-101-44348-4. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
"Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy". Journal of Applied Physiology. July 1962.